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Optical device for breath CO2 concentration analysis
Škorpík, Daniel ; Milek, Jakub (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
This Master's thesis discusses about the measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration in breathing by an optical analyzer using infrared absorption spectroscopy. The method is described with the technical focus on individual components needed for subsequent implementation. A circuit diagram is created to produce Arduino platform devices that serve as hardware to connect and power individual parts and software to create a user environment, followed by a Bluetooth module to transmit measured data to mobile devices where real-time results are presented.
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A sudden cardiac arrest and use of capnometry in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Pokorná, Milana ; Nečas, Emanuel (advisor) ; Málek, Jiří (referee) ; Bělohlávek, Jan (referee)
The study is focused on advanced life support (ALS) performed by rescue team physicians in an out-of-hospital setting. The first part of the study analyzes diagnostic possibilities and correctness of assumed aetiology of the sudden cardiac arrest during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the field. It introduces an original method of "Crosscheck Tables" and applies this method to 211 cases of CPR provided by physicians of the Emergency Care Service. The study demonstrates that significantly misleading conclusions can result from a global analysis of a set of cases. It stresses importance of diagnostic analyses applied to individual cases. The second part of the study concentrates on changes in PETCO2 level as related to the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC - Return of Spontaneous Circulation) as opposed to the circulation fully dependent on chest compressions. The study demonstrates that in constantly ventilated patients undergoing CPR in an out-of-hospital setting, PETCO2 is significantly higher (about 10 mmHg) after ROSC than before ROSC. It demonstrates that a sudden increase in PETCO2 exceeding 10 mmHg is likely to indicate the moment of ROSC. The study also support a view that steadily low levels of PETCO2 values (<10 mmHg) indicate a low chance for a successful resuscitation outcome. Key...
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Optical device for breath CO2 concentration analysis
Škorpík, Daniel ; Milek, Jakub (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
This Master's thesis discusses about the measurement of the carbon dioxide concentration in breathing by an optical analyzer using infrared absorption spectroscopy. The method is described with the technical focus on individual components needed for subsequent implementation. A circuit diagram is created to produce Arduino platform devices that serve as hardware to connect and power individual parts and software to create a user environment, followed by a Bluetooth module to transmit measured data to mobile devices where real-time results are presented.
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A sudden cardiac arrest and use of capnometry in cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Pokorná, Milana ; Nečas, Emanuel (advisor) ; Málek, Jiří (referee) ; Bělohlávek, Jan (referee)
The study is focused on advanced life support (ALS) performed by rescue team physicians in an out-of-hospital setting. The first part of the study analyzes diagnostic possibilities and correctness of assumed aetiology of the sudden cardiac arrest during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the field. It introduces an original method of "Crosscheck Tables" and applies this method to 211 cases of CPR provided by physicians of the Emergency Care Service. The study demonstrates that significantly misleading conclusions can result from a global analysis of a set of cases. It stresses importance of diagnostic analyses applied to individual cases. The second part of the study concentrates on changes in PETCO2 level as related to the return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC - Return of Spontaneous Circulation) as opposed to the circulation fully dependent on chest compressions. The study demonstrates that in constantly ventilated patients undergoing CPR in an out-of-hospital setting, PETCO2 is significantly higher (about 10 mmHg) after ROSC than before ROSC. It demonstrates that a sudden increase in PETCO2 exceeding 10 mmHg is likely to indicate the moment of ROSC. The study also support a view that steadily low levels of PETCO2 values (<10 mmHg) indicate a low chance for a successful resuscitation outcome. Key...
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Contribution capnometrics in pre-hospital emergency care
BENEDIKT, Ladislav
In terms of prehospital emergency care (PEC), the rescuers get into contact with patients, who have breathing difficulties in connection with their health condition. As breathing, together with consciousness and bloodstream, is included in the observed vital signs, it is necessary to focus on the precise monitoring of its quality. Except evaluation by sight, we can also beneficially use device monitoring of breathing, more precisely the quality of blood gases exchange. During PEC we can monitor oxygen or carbon dioxide saturation in blood (pulse oximetry or capnometry, respectively). In this bachelor thesis we focused on capnometry. The principle of capnometry measurement is based on infrared light absorption. In comparison with pulse oximetry, the capnometry is useful in situations when we are not able to get objective results by using pulse oximetry. The greatest advantage of capnometry is the almost immediate reaction of a device to metabolic changes in respiratory system of a patient. Using this method is also beneficially during intubation, using combitube and laryngeal mask, because we can get precise overview about cannula position. Theoretical part of this bachelor thesis is focused on capnometry problematics. At the beginning is explained what capnometry and PEC are and they both are described. Also view on monitoring in general is present. The capnometry itself is divided into types according to way of use. Theoretical part is ended by chapter about capnography. The aims of practical part are monitoring of South Bohemian rescuers' knowledge about using of capnometry and using of capnometry during PEC. Data collection were realised quantitatively by using questionnaire focused on theoretical knowledge. Data were collected in March 2015. 100 pieces of anonymous questionnaires were given for filling across the South Bohemian Region (regional centre in České Budějovice and local centres in Český Krumlov, Písek, Prachatice, Strakonice and Tábor). 63 respondents answered the questionnaire (rate of return was 63 %). Questionnaire consisted of 24 questions targeted on knowledge of respondents about capnometry problematics. Results were analysed in statistical software SPSS into graphs and charts and hypotheses were statistically analysed by using of chi-square test method. Statistical analysis shows to us that South Bohemian rescuers have enough information about capnometry and that capnometry is not used for every patient with controlled air passages. The aim of this bachelor thesis is to get information about South Bohemian rescuers' knowledge about using of capnometry. Another aim is to monitor the using of capnometry in prehospital emergency care. Statistical analysis proves that knowledge about capnometry is sufficient among South Bohemian rescuers and they are able to use this method. Furthermore the guide for using of capnometr for rescuers was created on the basis of obtained information. This guide is included in this thesis as an appendix (app. 11).
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